The pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical development and manufacturing market continue to experience significant expansion as the development of small molecule drugs and more complex large-molecule biologics rival for attention. Small and midsize pharma/biotech companies are leading drug discovery and the engagement of contract development and manufacturing organizations (CDMOs) helps them to improve capabilities and enable companies to compete in this dynamic market.
To attract and keep customers, competitive CDMOs are bolstering their offerings by expanding areas of expertise. In recent years, some of these expanded capabilities have been organic, while others have been achieved through strategic partnerships and mergers with strong, capable partners.
One example is “Alcami”, the alliance of AAIPharma Services and Cambridge Major Laboratories, which through rigorous integration and improvements formed a full-service CDMO offering drug substance and drug product development, manufacturing, testing and packaging services. The development of biopharmaceuticals — often in the form of parenteral or injectable medications — requires unique expertise, facility specialization, and an understanding of the entire development process. Current outsourcing trends in this market are prompting companies like Alcami to increase recognition of how significant aseptic processing is to customers’ success — and how important it is to engage contract partners with the best capabilities, finishing parenteral medications aseptically.
A Reason To Rely On Outsourcing
According to the 2016 Nice Insight CDMO Outsourcing Survey of over 500 outsourcing-facing pharmaceutical and biotechnology executives, outsourcing partners are being engaged for every phase of development, with over 50% of all respondents out- sourcing every phase with the exception of phase IV / Post-Launch.1 Additionally, over- all engagement increased for phase II, III, and IV by as much as 25 percentage points (phase III) since 2015.2 However, some of the newest numbers are even more significant in specific segments.
Phase IV / Post-Launch services, for example, are outsourced to CDMOs by nearly half of all big pharma respondents (47%) while 69% of emerging pharma / biotech companies engage CDMOs as outsourcing partners for preclinical services. Overall, the annual outsourcing expenditure on CDMOs was $51M or greater for 71% of survey respondents with 28% exceeding $100M. With that, 75% of total respondents expect that number to grow over the next five years1, indicating a steadily in- creasing reliance on outsourcing partners.
Even more noteworthy, however, is the percentage of services outsourced for biopharmaceutical drugs and associated manufacturing processes. As the world’s population ages, the middle class continues to swell and treating chronic conditions becomes more prevalent in developing countries, the demand for biopharmaceuticals rises; this increase is clearly visible in outsourcing practices.
Large molecule new biologic entities (NBEs) and biosimilars accounted for 26-50% of all outsourced services for 16% and 13% of all respondents, respectively. Additionally, microbial cell line and mammalian cell line based development and biomanufacturing were outsourced or will be outsourced by 62% and 55% of survey respondents.1 Some of this outsourcing is due to traditional pharmaceutical companies increasing their focus on biologic drug development and seeking cost effective ways to make this investment.
Expertise For Biopharmaceuticals
Biopharmaceuticals and parenteral drugs in general require aseptic processing at nearly every stage of the production process. These processes require advanced controls and optimal packaging materials to meet regulations and guarantee patient safety. Like many pharma/biotech companies, contract service providers are beginning to form scalable enterprises to re- duce costs while bolstering their services to offer a more complete suite of options to support the drug development and manufacturing cycle.
When the product is the process, the process is everything, and that process does not end with drug development or production, it ends with the patient.
Most of today’s biologic drug products — including monoclonal antibody drug products that have been on the market for over 20 years — are designed for parenteral administration 3 but considerable challenges exist in liquid drug development, including quality concerns and close regulation. These drugs also require advanced primary and secondary packaging materials and technology due to the complexities associated with administration, high development costs and increasing patient demand.4 Protecting the sterility of the product as it moves through each phase of formulation, filtering, filling, and packaging is mission critical. Full-service CDMOs have been investing in advanced containment and process technologies to mitigate these risks at all stages. With the right CDMO partner, it’s even possible to follow the processes as far as distribution services.
Alcami is leading by example. In 2014 Cambridge Major Laboratories, a full-service CDMO providing active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) development and manufacturing, combined with AAIPharma, an experienced, long-term provider of pharmaceutical analytical testing, drug product development and drug product manufacturing and packaging services. The result? Alcami, a supplier of integrated chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) services with centers of excellence in solid-state chemistry and formulation development services and a U.S.-based drug product sterile manufacturing facility. In fact, they recently announced the completion of clinical trial material from API manufacture to Drug Product (sterile) release in 79 days which is a 65% reduction in timeline in comparison to a non-integrated approach.
Over the last several years, Alcami has produced millions of parenteral fills in its small- and large-molecule sterile parenteral product manufacturing facilities that also support lyophilized products, suspensions, emulsions and terminal vial sterilization. The combined operational matrix allows seamless integration of services covering development, testing and manufacturing from API, and on to finished packaging.
When the product is the process, the process is everything, and that process does not end with drug development or production, it ends with the patient.
The Packaging Is The Product
While the outsourcing of biopharmaceuticals is noteworthy in all four respondent segments in the 2016 Nice Insight CDMO Outsourcing Survey — Emerging, Small, Mid-Size, and Big Pharma/Biotech — the outsourcing of packaging materials is also significant, with over half of all respondents outsourcing both commercial (58%) and clinical (60%) scale primary packaging.1 Though packaging has not typically be considered in the early stages of drug development, packaging materials can significantly impact a biopharmaceutical drug product and the growth in biopharmaceuticals is heightening the need for unique containment and delivery systems.5
Most understand the fill-finish process of aseptically prepared drug products requires sophisticated equipment in a highly controlled cGMP environment to ensure product quality and patient safety. The complexity of most biopharmaceuticals also prevents easy identification or characterization with many products being heat sensitive and susceptible to microbial contamination. These conditions necessitate the use of aseptic principles at every step, potentially illustrating why controlled room temperature (CRT) packaging and cold-chain packaging services were outsourced to 47% and 36% of respondents, respectively.1
Single-unit dosing is reducing medication non adherence and helping assure the promised therapeutic benefits of biopharmaceutical drug products; however, for these benefits to carry through from the manufacturing process, fill-finish processes have to meet stringent requirements to ensure flow path sterility and integrity, operational safety, and fill-volume accuracy. Additionally, all the requirements of a drug, including shipping, storage, and the dose form, as well as ease of administration, should be considered during drug development. The expertise of an experienced and integrated CDMO partner will help speed the evaluation of options and the execution of final packaging processes.
When the product is the process, the process is everything, and that process does not end with drug development or production, it ends with the patient. When the process can be contained and monitored by one company with expertise at every stage, all production processes can remain consistent, aseptic, reliable, and cost effective for all parties involved.
Reference
- The 2016 Nice Insight Contract Development & Manufacturing (CDMO) Survey. Jan 2016. http://www.niceinsight.com.
- The 2015 CRO/CMO Nice Insight Buying Trends Survey. Jan 2015. http://www.niceinsight.com.
- Škalko-Basnet, N. Biologics: the role of delivery systems in improved therapy. Biologics. Mar 2014. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3964020/.
- Dubin, C., Special Report - Prefilled Syringes & Parenteral Contract Manufacturing: Improving for Flexibility & Customization. Drug Development & Delivery. May 2014. http://www.drug-dev.com/Main/ Back-Issues/SPECIAL-REPORT-Prefilled-Syringes- Parenteral-Contr-565.aspx.
- Reynolds, G., Schaefers, M., Parenteral Packaging Concerns for Biologics. Parenteral Drug Association. May 2014. https://www.pda.org/publications/pda- publications/pda-letter/latest-news/2014/03/26/ parenteral-packaging-concerns-for-biologics.
